Column is constructed with the help of steel bars and cement concrete. In case of multi storey and frame structure building constructions, the entire load is born by columns and the floor area/ internal space of building is freely adjusted according to the requirement. The size, cement concrete ratio and numbers of steel bars with their diameter are available in structural drawings which are designed according to the load born by the column and factor of safety.
A column may be classified based on different criteria such as:
Based on shape
• Rectangle
• Square
• Circular
• Polygon
Based on slenderness ratio
• Short column
• Long column
Based on type of loading
• Axially loaded column
• A column subjected to axial load and uniaxial bending
• A column subjected to axial load and biaxial bending
Based on pattern of lateral reinforcement
• Tied columns
• Spiral columns
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